Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 273-274 | Added on Friday, November 26, 2021 11:52:53 PM
Our goal, in short, is to help people make the choices that they would have made if they had paid full attention and possessed complete information, unlimited cognitive ability, and complete self-control.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 281-282 | Added on Friday, November 26, 2021 11:54:23 PM
nudge, as we will use the term, is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 283-284 | Added on Friday, November 26, 2021 11:54:42 PM
Putting the fruit at eye level counts as a nudge. Banning junk food does not.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 295-297 | Added on Friday, November 26, 2021 11:57:21 PM
If you look at economics textbooks, you will learn that Homo economicus can think like Albert Einstein, store as much memory as Google does in the cloud, and exercise the willpower of Mahatma Gandhi. Really. But the folks we know are not like that. Real people have trouble with long division if they don’t have a calculator, sometimes forget their spouse’s birthday, and have a hangover on New Year’s Day.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 348-348 | Added on Saturday, November 27, 2021 3:06:42 PM
Those who favor Just Maximize Choices don’t realize there is plenty of room between their preferred policy and a single mandate.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 360-361 | Added on Saturday, November 27, 2021 3:08:26 PM
So long as people are not choosing perfectly, some changes in the choice architecture could make their lives go better
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 388-390 | Added on Saturday, November 27, 2021 3:12:06 PM
Is a GPS device an intrusion on freedom, even if it is paternalistic, in the sense that it tries to tell you how to get to your preferred destination? When no coercion is involved, we think that some types of paternalism should be acceptable even to those who most embrace freedom of choice.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 425-425 | Added on Saturday, November 27, 2021 3:16:23 PM
Choosers are human, so designers should make life as easy as possible.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 480-480 | Added on Saturday, November 27, 2021 3:23:25 PM
our understanding of human behavior can be improved by appreciating how and when people systematically go wrong.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 485-485 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 12:49:12 AM
we are fallible and life is hard.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 537-538 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 12:56:36 AM
reactance: when people feel ordered around, they might get mad and do the opposite of what is being ordered (or even suggested).
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 627-628 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 1:07:39 AM
people do not assign specific values to objects; it often matters whether they are selling or buying.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 705-706 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 11:05:54 PM
It is useful to imagine the workings of the brain as consisting of two components or systems. One is fast and intuitive; the other is slow and reflective.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 743-744 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 11:09:48 PM
the Automatic System is your gut reaction and the Reflective System is your conscious thought.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 749-750 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 11:10:34 PM
The Automatic System can be trained with lots of repetition—but such training takes a great deal of time and effort.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 833-834 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 11:21:40 PM
When in a cold state, we do not appreciate the extent to which our desires and our behavior will be altered when we are “under the influence” of arousal.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 831-831 | Added on Sunday, November 28, 2021 11:21:44 PM
George Loewenstein calls the “hot-cold empathy gap,”
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1032-1033 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:24:53 PM
Humans are easily nudged by other Humans.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1062-1062 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:38:20 PM
People become more likely to conform when they know that others will see what they have to say.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1076-1078 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:40:24 PM
There is an important clue here about how seemingly similar groups, cities, and even nations can converge on very different beliefs and actions simply because of modest and even arbitrary variations in starting points.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1081-1082 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:41:02 PM
A little nudge, if it was expressed with confidence, could have major consequences for the group’s conclusion.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1083-1083 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:41:11 PM
confidence heuristic: people tend to think that confident speakers must be correct.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1084-1086 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:41:37 PM
if senior members of a group want to obtain the actual beliefs of their junior coworkers, they will ask for those beliefs independently (so coworkers don’t influence each other) and, most important, before they state their own opinion.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1088-1089 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:42:17 PM
the initial judgments were also found to have effects across the laboratory equivalent of “generations.”
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1165-1166 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 8:50:59 PM
Social influences matter, and so does luck.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1197-1198 | Added on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 11:47:23 PM
advertisers are entirely aware of the power of those influences. Frequently they emphasize that “most people prefer” their own product, or that “more and more people” are switching from another brand,
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1381-1382 | Added on Wednesday, December 1, 2021 6:23:40 PM
research by psychologist Peter Gollwitzer, who found that people were more likely to fulfill their goals if they had made explicit “implementation intentions.”
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1392-1393 | Added on Wednesday, December 1, 2021 6:25:47 PM
All organizations work better if everyone is empowered to speak up when the boss is about to make a mistake.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1537-1538 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 12:18:58 AM
Don Norman’s wonderful book, The Design of Everyday Things, illustrates. In fact, the idea of the book is illustrated by its brilliant cover, which has the image of a teapot with its handle and the spout on the same side.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1546-1547 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 12:20:09 AM
if you want to encourage some action or activity, Make It Easy.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1567-1568 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 12:22:54 AM
if, for a given choice, there is a default option—an option that will prevail if the chooser does nothing—then we can usually expect a large number of people to end up with that option, whether or not it is good for them.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1626-1627 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 6:00:57 PM
required choosing is often more appropriate for simple yes-or-no decisions than it is for more complex choices.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1657-1659 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 6:04:55 PM
Leaving the gas cap behind is a special kind of mistake psychologists call a “postcompletion” error.7 The idea is that when you have finished your main task, you tend to forget things relating to previous steps. Other
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1679-1679 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 6:06:59 PM
Once a day is much better than once every other day, because it can be incorporated into the morning routine.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1911-1913 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 6:36:30 PM
Whenever we can make some activity seem like play, pique our curiosity, or build excitement or anticipation, we will find that people are not only willing to undertake that activity; they even may be willing to pay for the opportunity!
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 1932-1934 | Added on Friday, December 3, 2021 6:38:53 PM
To combat this behavior, the government printed up special receipts that are supposed to be given to restaurant customers when they pay. Cleverly, each receipt includes a scratch-off lottery ticket, giving customers an incentive to ask for a receipt, which then makes the transaction reportable to the government.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 2069-2070 | Added on Saturday, December 4, 2021 12:33:34 AM
The existence of such meta–choice engines can help consumers monitor the prices being offered by the choice engines themselves.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 2141-2142 | Added on Saturday, December 4, 2021 2:18:11 PM
Perhaps the most basic principle of good choice architecture is our mantra: Make It Easy. If you want to encourage some behavior, figure out why people aren’t doing it already, and eliminate the barriers that are standing in their way.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 2314-2315 | Added on Saturday, December 4, 2021 2:52:18 PM
Reed Hastings, the cofounder and CEO of Netflix, who writes about this in his book, No Rules Rules.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 2484-2484 | Added on Saturday, December 4, 2021 8:35:28 PM
Time is money, as they say, and time is also time;
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 2582-2583 | Added on Saturday, December 4, 2021 10:43:18 PM
When people say they should be saving more, they might not be thinking that they should be spending less; they might just mean it would be nice to have more money in the bank.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 3179-3179 | Added on Tuesday, December 7, 2021 10:34:41 PM
choice engines have a significant advantage over human advisers: they are much easier to audit.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 3270-3270 | Added on Tuesday, December 7, 2021 10:49:49 PM
An app we particularly like is called Tally.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 3297-3297 | Added on Tuesday, December 7, 2021 10:52:30 PM
though Make It Easy remains our mantra, one of the best ways to make it easy is to make it automatic.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 3326-3327 | Added on Tuesday, December 7, 2021 10:56:16 PM
follow this one rule of thumb: when purchasing insurance, choose the largest deductible available.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 4028-4029 | Added on Saturday, December 11, 2021 4:11:02 PM
Roughly speaking, people are conditional cooperators. They are willing to contribute to the public good as long as others are doing so as well, but if others are free riding, contributions gradually dry up.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 4261-4262 | Added on Sunday, December 12, 2021 9:38:54 PM
Architectural solutions, making things easy or automatic, can have a much bigger impact than asking people to do the right thing.
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Nudge: The Final Edition (Richard H. Thaler)
- Your Highlight on Location 4294-4295 | Added on Sunday, December 12, 2021 9:40:25 PM
For individuals, climate change is the mother of all free-rider problems, compounded by behavioral biases; the same is true for nations.
